Patrick Linson, MD, MPH
Prostate Radiation Therapy
A clear guide to what happens, how to prepare and what may help.
Patient Guide
Prostate Radiation Therapy
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) shapes a three-dimensional radiation dose around the prostate while limiting exposure to nearby healthy tissue. Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) is an advanced form of IMRT that delivers the shaped dose as the treatment machine moves around you. Cone-beam CT is performed before treatment so the team can review anatomy and make small positioning adjustments. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) is a highly focused form of external-beam radiation and is used for the final three treatments in this combined pathway.
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- Fiducial markers help locate the prostate during imaging and treatment.
- A self-absorbing rectal spacer (hydrogel) helps move the rectum away from the prostate.
- A customized support such as a Vac-Lok cushion helps reproduce your position.
- Follow the bladder and bowel instructions supplied by the care team.
- CT simulation maps the prostate and nearby organs.
- The physician defines the target and organs to protect; the dosimetrist and medical physicist create and verify the plan.
- Image guidance, including cone-beam CT, confirms the prostate location and positioning before radiation is delivered.
Before the First Treatment
- Complete consultation and insurance authorization.
- Fiducial markers and a rectal spacer (hydrogel) may be placed by Urology or Interventional Radiology.
- Complete CT simulation and MRI 7–10 days after the procedure.
- The physician, dosimetrist and medical physicist design and verify the treatment plan. Planning and quality checks commonly take 7–10 business days.
During Treatment
Imaging confirms your position before each treatment. You will meet with the doctor and nurse weekly during the IMRT/VMAT course and once during the SBRT course to discuss urinary, bowel, energy or other changes.
- Possible short-term effects include urinary frequency, urgency or burning; bowel irritation, loose stools or gas; mild fatigue; and changes in sexual function.
- Tell the care team about symptoms that persist or worsen. Seek urgent or emergency care as directed, or call 911 for a medical emergency.
After Treatment
- Short-term urinary and rectal symptoms often improve within 4–6 weeks, although recovery varies.
- Continue routine care with your primary care clinician and other members of your cancer-care team.
Important: This guide is for patient education only. Your care team’s instructions and individualized treatment prescription take priority.